An engineering manager discovers a high defect rate in a new product assembly line. Apply the functions of management to address this issue.

A project manager for a software engineering firm needs to secure additional funding, communicate the project's status to the board, and resolve a conflict between two senior developers. Identify the specific managerial roles according to Mintzberg.

A civil engineering firm wants to optimize the process of laying bricks on construction sites to improve productivity. Apply the core principles of Taylor's Scientific Management.