Calculation Example: Composite Section Properties

Interactive Simulation

Note

Use the interactive simulation below to explore how the concept changes under different assumptions.

Composite Section: Plastic Neutral Axis (PNA)

PNA
$C$
$T$
  • Controlling Shear Transfer ($V'$): 500 kips
  • PNA Location: Case 2: PNA in Steel Flange
  • Increasing the number of shear studs or concrete strength forces the PNA higher into the slab, increasing the moment arm and the flexural capacity.

Example 1: Determining Transformed Section Width

A fully composite beam floor system is comprised of W18x35 steel beams spaced at 8 ft8 \text{ ft} on center. The beam spans 30 ft30 \text{ ft}. The concrete slab thickness is 5 in5 \text{ in}, and its 28-day compressive strength is fc=4 ksif'_c = 4 \text{ ksi}. The steel beam has a modulus of elasticity Es=29,000 ksiE_s = 29,000 \text{ ksi}. Determine the effective width of the concrete flange beb_e and the transformed width btrb_{tr}. Assume normal-weight concrete (wc=145 pcfw_c = 145 \text{ pcf}).

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Example 2: Required Number of Shear Studs for Full Composite Action

A composite beam is designed for full composite action. The concrete slab's maximum compressive strength force (0.85fcAc0.85 f'_c A_c) is 600 kips600 \text{ kips}. The steel beam's yield force (AsFyA_s F_y) is 450 kips450 \text{ kips}. Each 3/4-inch shear stud anchor has a nominal strength (QnQ_n) of 21.5 kips21.5 \text{ kips}.

Calculate the total number of shear studs required between the point of maximum positive moment and the support.

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Example 3: Partial Composite Action

During the detailing phase of a composite floor system, the structural engineer realizes there isn't enough physical space on the steel beam flange to fit the required number of shear studs for full composite action. The maximum number of studs that can fit between zero and maximum moment is 15. The single stud strength (QnQ_n) is 21.5 kips21.5 \text{ kips}. The required VV' for full composite action is 450 kips450 \text{ kips}. Determine the percent composite action achieved.

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Example 4: PNA Location and Moment Capacity (PNA in Concrete Slab)

Determine the Plastic Neutral Axis (PNA) location and the nominal plastic moment capacity (MnM_n) for a fully composite W18x35 steel beam (As=10.3 in2A_s = 10.3 \text{ in}^2, Fy=50 ksiF_y = 50 \text{ ksi}, depth d=17.7 ind = 17.7 \text{ in}) and a solid concrete slab (fc=4 ksif'_c = 4 \text{ ksi}, effective width be=90 inb_e = 90 \text{ in}, thickness tc=5 int_c = 5 \text{ in}). Assume there is no metal deck profile to subtract from the solid concrete area.

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Example 5: PNA Location (PNA in Steel Top Flange)

Consider a composite section with a W12x26 beam (As=7.65 in2A_s = 7.65 \text{ in}^2, Fy=50 ksiF_y = 50 \text{ ksi}, depth d=12.2 ind = 12.2 \text{ in}, flange width bf=6.49 inb_f = 6.49 \text{ in}, flange thickness tf=0.380 int_f = 0.380 \text{ in}) and a thin, narrow concrete slab (fc=3 ksif'_c = 3 \text{ ksi}, be=30 inb_e = 30 \text{ in}, tc=4 int_c = 4 \text{ in}). Determine the location of the PNA.

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Example 6: Nominal Shear Strength of a Stud Anchor

Calculate the nominal shear strength (QnQ_n) of a single 3/4-inch diameter headed stud anchor (Asc=0.442 in2A_{sc} = 0.442 \text{ in}^2, Fu=65 ksiF_u = 65 \text{ ksi}) embedded in a solid concrete slab (fc=4 ksif'_c = 4 \text{ ksi}, wc=145 pcfw_c = 145 \text{ pcf}). Since it's a solid slab, assume the reduction factors RgR_g and RpR_p are 1.01.0.

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Example 7: Shear Stud Strength with Deck Ribs

Recalculate the nominal shear strength (QnQ_n) from Example 6, but assume the concrete is cast on a corrugated metal deck with ribs running perpendicular to the steel beam. There is one stud per rib. According to AISC, for this geometry, Rg=1.0R_g = 1.0 and Rp=0.6R_p = 0.6.

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Example 8: Composite Column Axial Strength

Determine the nominal axial compressive strength (PnP_n) of a Concrete-Filled Tube (CFT) composite column. The steel section is an HSS 10×10×1/210\times10\times1/2 (As=17.2 in2A_s = 17.2 \text{ in}^2, Fy=46 ksiF_y = 46 \text{ ksi}). It is filled with normal weight concrete (fc=5 ksif'_c = 5 \text{ ksi}, Ac=81.0 in2A_c = 81.0 \text{ in}^2). Assume the column is very short (KL/r0KL/r \approx 0) so that global buckling does not govern, meaning we are finding the cross-section crushing strength PnoP_{no}. There is no longitudinal rebar.

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