These examples demonstrate the application of LRFD and ASD principles to the limit states of structural bolted connections.
Example 1: Bolt Shear Strength (Single Shear)
Problem: A single 3/4-inch diameter Group A (A325) bolt is used to connect two plates in single shear. The threads are included in the shear plane (N-type). Determine the LRFD design shear strength and ASD allowable shear strength.
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When calculating bolt area, always use the nominal unthreaded diameter (), not the reduced root diameter, even if threads are included in the shear plane. The reduction in capacity is accounted for in the lower stress value (54 ksi vs 68 ksi).
Example 2: Bolt Shear Strength (Double Shear, Threads Excluded)
Problem: A hanger connection uses four 7/8-inch diameter Group B (A490) bolts in double shear. The connection is detailed such that the threads are excluded from the shear planes (X-type). Determine the LRFD design shear strength of the entire bolt group.
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0 of 4 Steps CompletedExample 3: Bolt Tensile Strength
Problem: An end-plate moment connection subjects six 1-inch diameter Group A (A325) bolts to direct tension. Determine the available LRFD tension strength of the connection.
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0 of 4 Steps CompletedExample 4: Bearing and Tear-Out Strength
Problem: A 7/8-inch diameter bolt connects a 1/2-inch thick A36 steel gusset plate ( ksi) to a column flange. The distance from the center of the standard hole (15/16 inch diameter) to the edge of the plate along the line of force is inches. Assume hole deformation is a design consideration. Determine the LRFD bearing strength.
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0 of 5 Steps CompletedExample 5: Slip-Critical Connection
Problem: Determine the required number of 3/4-inch Group A (A325) bolts for a slip-critical splice connection transferring an LRFD factored shear load of 60 kips. The surfaces are Class A (unpainted clean mill scale, ) with standard holes. The connection is in single shear. Minimum pretension kips.
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A fully complete design must also verify that these 7 bolts satisfy the bearing and bolt shear strength limit states under factored loads, in case the connection slips and goes into bearing.
Example 6: Combined Shear and Tension (Bearing-Type)
Problem: A 7/8-inch Group A (A325-N) bolt is subjected to an LRFD factored shear load of 10 kips and a factored tensile load of 25 kips. Is the bolt adequate?
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0 of 4 Steps CompletedExample 7: Combined Shear and Tension (Slip-Critical)
Problem: A slip-critical connection with 3/4-inch Group A bolts (Class A surface, standard holes) transfers shear, but a concurrent external tension load reduces the clamping force. How is slip resistance affected?
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0 of 3 Steps CompletedExample 8: Minimum Edge Distance and Spacing Check
Problem: A detailer proposes using 1-inch diameter bolts spaced 2.5 inches apart with a 1.25-inch edge distance on a sheared plate. Does this meet AISC minimums?
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0 of 3 Steps CompletedExample 9: Prying Action Impact
Problem: A WT hanger connection uses four bolts. The factored tension load is 80 kips (20 kips/bolt). Due to the flexibility of the WT flange, analysis reveals a prying force () of 8 kips per bolt. What is the required tensile strength per bolt?
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0 of 3 Steps CompletedExample 10: Eccentric Bolt Group
Problem: A bracket is bolted to a column flange with a single vertical line of 5 bolts, spaced 3 inches apart. A vertical load is applied 6 inches horizontally from the bolt line. What forces do the bolts experience?