Examples covering geometric design principles for navigational areas, including approach channels and turning basins.

A port is expanding to accommodate Panamax-class container ships. The design vessel has an overall length ($L_{oa}$) of 294 meters. The port authority requires that vessels turn around within the harbor with tugboat assistance. Calculate the required diameter for the turning basin based on PIANC guidelines.

A bulk carrier with a maximum static draft of 15.2 meters is navigating an approach channel at speed. Due to the "squat effect" (hydrodynamic pressure drop under the hull), its draft dynamically increases by 0.6 meters. The vessel's response to prevailing waves causes a maximum heave/pitch motion of 1.1 meters. The required safety margin (Under-Keel Clearance, UKC) is 1.5 meters. Determine the minimum required depth of the approach channel at Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW).

A commercial port is designing a new one-way approach channel for a fleet of Roll-on/Roll-off (RoRo) ferries. The design vessel has a beam (width) of 32.2 meters. The channel is subject to moderate cross-currents and wind. Determine the required channel width using standard empirical guidelines.