The basic runway length required for a specific design aircraft under standard atmospheric conditions at sea level is $2,000 \text{ meters}$. The proposed airport site has the following characteristics:

Calculate the final required runway length after applying the standard ICAO corrections for elevation, temperature, and gradient.

A new taxiway curve is being designed for a Boeing 747-8. The aircraft's wheelbase ($W$) is $25.6 \text{ meters}$ and its main gear track width ($T$) is $12.7 \text{ meters}$. The minimum required clearance distance from the edge of the main gear to the edge of the taxiway pavement ($C$) is $4.5 \text{ meters}$. Calculate the minimum required turning radius ($R$) of the taxiway centerline curve using the standard geometric relationship, assuming a maximum steering angle ($\alpha$) of $50^{\circ}$.

A wind rose diagram is generated using $10$ years of meteorological data for a proposed airport site. The analysis reveals that strong prevailing winds blow from the Northeast ($45^{\circ}$) for $60\%$ of the year, from the Southwest ($225^{\circ}$) for $30\%$ of the year, and from the East ($90^{\circ}$) for only $5\%$ of the year. Determine the optimal orientation for the primary runway and assign it standard runway designation numbers. Explain why it is oriented this way and why crosswinds are dangerous.

An airport is undergoing a massive expansion to increase passenger capacity. The project includes building a new passenger terminal building, a new multi-story parking garage, a new parallel taxiway, and expanding the apron (apron/tarmac) where planes park. Categorize each of these four new components into either the "Airside" or "Landside" infrastructure group, and define the primary function of each group.