An intersection approach has a design speed of $60 \text{ km/h}$ on a level grade ($0\%$). The intersection width ($W$) is $18 \text{ meters}$, and the average vehicle length ($L$) is $6 \text{ meters}$. Assuming a standard driver perception-reaction time ($t$) of $1.0 \text{ second}$ and a comfortable deceleration rate ($a$) of $3.0 \text{ m/s}^2$, calculate the required yellow change interval ($Y$) to eliminate the dilemma zone.

A four-way intersection between a Major Street (2 lanes total) and a Minor Street (1 lane each approach) is being evaluated for a traffic signal using the MUTCD Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume warrant (Warrant 1). To meet the warrant under Condition A (Minimum Vehicular Volume), the major street must have at least $500 \text{ veh/hr}$ (total both approaches) and the minor street must have at least $150 \text{ veh/hr}$ (highest volume single approach) for each of any $8 \text{ hours}$ of an average day.

Traffic counts show that for $9 \text{ hours}$ of the day, the Major Street volume fluctuates between $600$ and $850 \text{ veh/hr}$. During those same $9 \text{ hours}$, the highest minor street approach volume fluctuates between $120$ and $140 \text{ veh/hr}$. Does this intersection meet Warrant 1, Condition A?

A standard broken yellow centerline on a rural highway requires a $3 \text{ meter}$ painted stripe followed by a $9 \text{ meter}$ unpainted gap. If a contractor is hired to paint a $12 \text{ kilometer}$ stretch of this highway, calculate the total length of paint actually required and the total number of painted stripes.

A city is upgrading the traffic signals along a major arterial corridor that connects downtown to the suburbs. The corridor features two types of intersections:

Recommend the type of signal controller (Pre-timed, Semi-Actuated, or Fully Actuated) for both environments and justify your choice.

A sharp, unexpected horizontal curve is located on a rural highway immediately after a long, straight tangent. There is a history of vehicles running off the road at this location. A junior engineer proposes placing a large green sign reading "Curve Ahead" right at the start of the curve. Evaluate this proposal based on the principles and categories of traffic control devices.