In civil
Estimation of the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations using Terzaghi's and general equations.
Soil settlement analysis, one-dimensional consolidation theory, and time rate of settlement.
Introduction to pile foundations, load transfer mechanisms, and pile capacity calculations.
The principle of effective stress and its importance in soil strength and deformation.
Calculation of lateral forces on retaining structures using Rankine and Coulomb theories.
Flow of water through soil, Darcy's Law, and seepage analysis.
Design and stability analysis of gravity and cantilever retaining walls.
Design considerations for isolated and combined footings, including structural design and settlement checks.
Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, shear strength parameters, and laboratory testing methods.
Analysis of slope failure mechanisms using infinite slope and method of slices.
Systems for categorizing soils based on particle size and plasticity, including USCS and AASHTO.
Methods to increase soil density, including Proctor tests and field compaction control.
Understanding the three-phase system of soil: solids, water, and air, and their volumetric and weight relationships.
Site investigation methods, boring techniques, and field testing (SPT, CPT).
Calculation of stresses in soil due to self-weight and applied surface loads using Boussinesq and Westergaard theories.