OSHA requires that if an infirmary, clinic, or hospital is not in "near proximity" to the workplace, a person or persons adequately trained to render first aid must be present. The standard interpretation of "near proximity" is a response time of 3 to 4 minutes for life-threatening injuries (like arterial bleeding or asphyxiation). A construction site is located 10 miles from the nearest hospital in a rural area. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) average a response time of 15 minutes. Evaluate compliance.

Workers are handling corrosive concrete curing compounds on the 10th floor of a high-rise project. OSHA standard 1926.50(g) states that where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use. Industry standard (ANSI Z358.1) dictates this must be accessible within 10 seconds of unimpeded travel (roughly 55 feet). A permanent eyewash is installed on the ground floor.

A large commercial building under construction has 300 workers on the 5th floor. An emergency evacuation alarm sounds due to a fire. The primary stairwell has a width of 44 inches. The NFPA Life Safety Code states that stairs can accommodate an egress flow of roughly 0.3 inches per person. Calculate the required width for 300 people, and determine if the 44-inch stairwell is sufficient.

A chemical fire breaks out in the laydown yard of an industrial construction site. The workers hear the generic air horn alarm and immediately run toward the primary muster point located in the main parking lot. The wind is blowing directly from the fire toward the parking lot, enveloping the muster point in toxic smoke.

During a massive concrete pour on a bridge deck, formwork material, empty cement bags, and extra reinforcing steel are piled heavily around the only access staircase to the deck. A worker suffers a severe heart attack. EMS arrives within 5 minutes but spends 15 minutes physically clearing a path to carry a stretcher up to the worker. The worker dies.