A worker drops a 2 kg spanner from a scaffold platform located 15 meters above the ground. Calculate the potential energy of the spanner before it falls.

Assuming air resistance is negligible, all the potential energy from the previous example converts to kinetic energy right before impact. Calculate the velocity of the 2 kg spanner just before it hits the ground.

The 2 kg spanner traveling at 17.15 m/s strikes a Type I hard hat. The hard hat's internal suspension system deflects by 3 cm (0.03 m) to absorb the impact, bringing the spanner to a complete stop. Calculate the average impact force exerted on the worker's neck.

A welder is performing plasma cutting on stainless steel, generating intense ultraviolet light and hexavalent chromium fumes. The worker is wearing standard safety glasses, a dust mask, and a high-visibility vest. Analyze the adequacy of this PPE.

A company mandates safety goggles for all concrete chipping operations. However, site audits reveal a 40% non-compliance rate because the goggles heavily fog up in the humid tropical climate, severely restricting vision and creating a secondary hazard.