A safety engineer is evaluating the hazard of workers using a boom lift near an active roadway. The engineer assigns a Likelihood score of 4 (Likely) and a Severity score of 5 (Catastrophic - potential fatality). Calculate the Risk Level.

A crew is tasked with manually chipping concrete in a confined space. Initial assessment yields $L = 5$ (Almost Certain due to dust) and $S = 3$ (Moderate - respiratory irritation), yielding an initial Risk of 15. The team implements wet-method chipping and local exhaust ventilation, reducing $L$ to 2 and $S$ to 2. Calculate the risk reduction.

A project manager must allocate limited safety budget across three tasks. Task A: $L=3$, $S=4$. Task B: $L=5$, $S=2$. Task C: $L=2$, $S=5$. Calculate the risk for each and prioritize funding.

A renovation project requires the removal of lead-based paint from steel girders. The initial plan was to issue N95 respirators to the workers (PPE). Analyze this plan and propose a better solution using the Hierarchy of Controls.

A subcontractor was hired to install drywall. Their generic JHA identified "slips, trips, and falls" as the main hazard. However, they were assigned to work on the 4th floor of an open-sided building before the exterior cladding was installed. A worker fell off the leading edge. What was the failure in safety planning?