Question: In a final year Capstone Project, a group of civil engineering students is tasked with designing a small pedestrian bridge. How does the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) framework evaluate their performance compared to a traditional grading system?

Question: A box weighing 500 N is resting on a horizontal floor. A horizontal force $P$ is applied to push the box. If the coefficient of static friction $\mu_s$ between the box and the floor is 0.4, what is the minimum force $P$ required to start moving the box?

Question: A horizontal beam $AB$ is $10 \text{ m}$ long. It is simply supported by a pin at point $A$ (left end) and a roller at point $B$ (right end). A concentrated downward point load of $50 \text{ kN}$ is applied exactly in the middle of the beam ($5 \text{ m}$ from $A$). Ignoring the weight of the beam itself, calculate the vertical reaction forces at support $A$ ($R_A$) and support $B$ ($R_B$).

Question: A solid circular steel rod with a diameter of $20 \text{ mm}$ is subjected to a tensile (pulling) load of $40 \text{ kN}$. Calculate the normal tensile stress developed in the rod in Megapascals ($\text{MPa}$). (Note: $1 \text{ MPa} = 1 \text{ N/mm}^2$).