Design the sprinkler layout for a Light Hazard open-plan office space measuring 10m x 10m ($100 \text{ } m^2$). The maximum protection area per sprinkler is 20 $m^2$, and the maximum spacing between heads is 4.6 m. Determine the minimum number of heads and propose a symmetric grid layout.

A 15-story office building (approx 60 meters high) is protected by a combined standpipe and sprinkler system. The highest hose connection on the top floor requires a residual flowing pressure of 100 psi (6.9 bar) while simultaneously supplying 500 GPM. The friction loss in the standpipe riser and fittings at this flow is estimated at 30 psi. The static pressure of the city water main is 40 psi. Calculate the required boost pressure the fire pump must provide to meet the demand at the highest point.

A large industrial warehouse (Ordinary Hazard Group 2) requires a dedicated on-site fire water storage cistern because the municipal supply is unreliable. The calculated peak sprinkler system demand is 1,500 GPM. NFPA 13 dictates that for this specific hazard class, the water supply must be capable of sustaining that peak flow continuously for 60 minutes. Calculate the minimum required volume of the concrete cistern in cubic meters ($m^3$).